This Complex is among the five richest areas in the world with respect to copper, having also the biggest chrysotile asbestos deposit in Europe as well as rich chromite deposits. It also hosts large deposits of mineral pigments such as umber, ochre and terra verde. Therefore, the exploitation of the mineral resources of Troodos both in antiquity and modern times contributed greatly to the historical and cultural development of the island.

The sedimentary rocks of Cyprus, rich in industrial minerals, constitute another source of mineral resources such as gypsum, clay, bentonite, limestone, chalk and building stone.

High precipitation at the Troodos Complex generates surface runoff and contributes directly or indirectly in the recharge of all aquifers. In the plains, however, semiarid conditions prevail, with low precipitation.

The exploration of the island's water resources began since the Neolithic Age, initially with the utilization of spring water, the deviation of small rivers and at a later stage with the construction of wells. The world's oldest well, which is estimated to be 10.000 years old, is located in Cyprus, near Kjssonerga village.

The water resources of Cyprus are not adequate in order to meet the growing demand for potable and irrigation water. Thus, the State proceeded in the construction of large scale water works aiming at increasing the available water resources; such as dams, ponds, river diversions, desalination plans and reuse of treated water.